An example of this process is shown below, where the cracking of decane produces an alkene and an alkane as products of. The catalytic cracking of decane c 10 h 22 produces butane c 4 h 10 and ethene c 2 h 4 as the only products. A short videoaudio guide explaining the essentials of cracking and polymerisation. Decane c 10 h 22 can be split into c 3 h 6 and c 7 h 16 by cracking. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus.
Products of cracking hydrocarbons the products of catalytic cracking include smaller alkanes. The mixture of gaseous shortchain hydrocarbons produced is collected and tested for unsaturation with bromine water and acidified potassium manganatevii solution a video clip of the experiment is available with this resource. For example, decane an alkane with 10 carbons can be cracked to produce octane and ethene. In this experiment the vapour of liquid paraffin a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons is cracked by passing it over a heated catalyst. Cracking decane can sometimes produce just two types of molecule. The octane is one of the molecules found in petrol. Cracking meaning types of cracking organic chemistry. Start studying gcse chemistry hydrocarbons, combustion.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. Decane, a 10carbon nalkane and one of the highest vapor phase constituents of jet propellent8, was selected to represent the semivolatile fraction for the initial development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic pbpk model for jp8. The first ten members of the homologous series of the alkanes are. Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude. Rats were exposed to decane vapors at timeweighted average concentrations of 1200, 781, or 273 ppm in a 32l leach chamber for 4 hr.
Liquid paraffin a mixture of alkanes of chain length c20 and greater is vaporised and passed over a hot pumice stone catalyst. Oldsetaqa gcse chemistry topic 610 paper 2 flashcards. Alkanes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa gcse. This is a fun gcse chemistry tarsia for revision of cracking hydrocarbons. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Cracking is normally carried out at high temperatures using a catalyst. Alevel chemistry help lastminute alevel chemistry revision. We can break down hydrocarbons in a process called cracking. We can see many reactions such as fireworks and explosions.
In chemistry, it is a process of breaking down large alkane into simpler alkenes and alkanes. Cracking of hydrocarbons is illustrated in the below diagram. By the end of this lesson ks5 students should be able to. Fuels edexcel test questions edexcel gcse chemistry.
The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. Start studying aqa gcse chemistry common reactions. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. A chemical reaction is a process where the molecular structure changes. Firstly, students asked to think about a question that oil companies face what to do with longer chain hydrocarbons which are in less demand than smaller chain hydrcarbons. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Chemistry catalytic cracking help the student room. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal decane n decane, with the formula ch 3 ch 2 8 ch 3. Lesson planpowerpoint to teach cracking of alkanes. This can be cracked to form pentane, propene and ethene. There is a greater demand for smaller hydrocarbons than larger ones. Just remember, in a cracking equation, the reactant is a long alkane and the two products are smaller alkane and alkene molecules. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Students can then quickly cut out the individual triangles.
Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. Decane is catalytically cracked to produce octane for petrol and ethene for ethanol. There are 16 triangles with 18 pairs of questions and answers that make a parallelogram. Catalytic cracking and balance equation gcse science balancing equations. Decane is cracked to produce octane for petrol and ethene for ethanol. Gcse science a chemistry 1 specimen paper foundation tier v1. Cracking is a reaction in which larger saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated.
Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. Cracking decane another example is decane, from the naphtha fraction. Cracking and polymerisation video teaching resources. Cracking and alkenes gcse chemistry single science revision. What is a catalyst a catalyst is a substance that will change the rate of a reaction. Gcse chemistry what is the chemistry of the cracking of. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition. If one of these products is ethene, give the formula and name of the other one. Edexcel international gcse in chemistry sample assessment material edexcel limited 2011 3 centre number candidate number write your name here. For catalytic cracking, when you have decane and mineral wool with an aluminium oxide, why is it important for the decane gas to pass over the aluminium oxide slowly and not quickly. The ethene and propene are important materials for making plastics or producing other organic chemicals. Cracking is a thermal decomposition process by which large alkane hydrocarbon molecules are broken down by passing. A structured lesson including starter activity, afl work tasks on cracking of alkanes.
Cracking of hydrocarbons involves thermal decomposition. Cracking hydrocarbons in liquid paraffin with a catalyst. Gcse chemistry revision covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single covalent bonds, alkenes, double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. It is still there in the same form when the reaction is complete a catalyst can be a transition metal. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. It is not changed by the reaction or used up during the reaction.
Gcse chemistry products from oil high demand questions questionsheet 1 a crude oil is the raw material of the petrochemical industry. Start studying oldsetaqa gcse chemistry topic 610 paper 2. A gaseous product is obtained which is flammable and which will. I really dont understand how to answer this chemistry question could someone please explain the method i would use to work out the answer ethene, c2h4 is one product of cracking decane, c10h22. To compare and evaluate the conditions for and the products of thermal and catalytic cracking. This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain.
In petroleum refining, this process is used in the production of petrol, diesel, and gasoline. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert. If the answer you have written is not right, change it. A catalyst is often used to make a reaction go faster the catalyst does not take part in the reaction as a reactant. Assuming there is only one other product in each case, balance equations for 1. Step a weigh an empty evaporating basin step b transfer 50 cm3 of sea water into the basin step c heat the sea water in the basin until all the water has evaporated step d allow the basin and residue to cool. This is achieved by using high pressures and temperatures without a catalyst, or lower temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst. Cracking is the name given to breaking up large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller and more useful bits. Aqa gcse chemistry common reactions flashcards quizlet. Gcse answer all questions answer questions in the space provided all working must be shown. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. Outline of practical work is included but follow centre basedcleaps safety guidelines.
Gcse chemistry revision science section covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single and double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons. As part of their work on crude oil, gcse chemistry students will look at thermal cracking. Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula c 10 h 22. Combustion products may cause environmental and health problems. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. By using the general formula, it is possible to balance the.
My predictions for chemistry paper 2 c1 discussing asnwers unsure about aqa c1 exam. Replaces diagram on page 4 for both gcse chemistry and da chemistry 2. C 16 h 34 is an alkane which can be used as the starting chemical in cracking. To describe what cracking is and its economic benefits. Cracking hydrocarbons in liquid paraffin with a catalyst resource. Cracking hydrocarbons high school chemistry tarsia use. Learn the basics about the cracking of hydrocarbons and why it is done. Describe the conditions for cracking decane vapours of decane high temperature. I suggest that the a4 tarsia is printed on card and then the outline is cut out.
529 997 937 1143 1013 545 1356 1521 461 200 766 785 1328 65 1416 724 673 490 1488 1081 605 612 522 700 687 857 713 174 1417 772 237